Omani Frankincense

The Ancient Origins of Omani Frankincense

Frankincense, known in Oman as Luban, has a long history. It was used in religious ceremonies by many ancient cultures like Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians.

Its origin traces back to the Arabian Peninsula. Oman, especially Dhofar region, is key as frankincense grows there almost exclusively.

Dhofar: The Heart of Frankincense

Dhofar is rich in history. Archaeologists found pottery and glass vessels from around 100 BC. Writings and inscriptions show different civilizations thrived there.

The region has 10 wilayats. Salalah, Dhofar's capital, is on the Arabian Sea, 1040km from Muscat. In the 12th - 16th centuries, the Manjawi civilization in Belid district traded Arabian horses and frankincense.

Thumrayt is at the crossroads of Dhofar's main roads. Shisr in Thumrayt may be the lost city of Ubar from 'Tales of the Arabian Nights'. Ubar was a trading hub for Arabian horses and frankincense exports to Greeks, Romans, and Persians.

Taqah: A Historic Trading Center

Wilayat Taqah was a prosperous port. Samhuran, an ancient city dating back to 3000 BC, has famous remains.

Archaeologists found a ruined settlement near Khor Rawri with a 1st - Century AD tableau. The tableau's inscription mentioned Sumhuran, possibly the port of Moscha from 'The Periplus of the Erythrean Sea'.

Frankincense from here reached Queen Hatshepsut in 1500 BC. The Queen of Sheba also sent frankincense from this port to King Solomon.

Frankincense in Global Trade and Use

Frankincense was traded in the Middle East since 3000 BC. It went to India for incense in worship and to China for medicine. Its value was once equal to or greater than gold.

The Frankincense Trail was a major commercial route. From Moscha, frankincense was shipped across Oman's interior to Hadhramaut and Egypt.

Archaeologists found old caravan routes in Dhofar from 1952 - 1962 excavations.

Frankincense Today in Oman

Frankincense is still used in important ceremonies and religious festivals. Its fragrant resin is burned to welcome guests. It's a symbol of Omani hospitality.

What modern - day traditions could you start with frankincense, given its rich history? How can we ensure this ancient heritage stays alive in a changing world?